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Identification and distribution of pathogens coinfecting with Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus in humans, livestock and wildlife

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Title Identification and distribution of pathogens coinfecting with Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus in humans, livestock and wildlife
 
Creator Middlebrook, E.A.
Romero, A.T.
Bett, Bernard K.
Nthiwa, Daniel
Oyola, Samuel O.
Fair, J.M.
Bartlow, A.W.
 
Subject zoonoses
livestock
wildlife
brucellosis
rift valley fever
q fever
 
Description Zoonotic diseases, such as brucellosis, Q fever and Rift Valley fever (RVF) caused by Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and RVF virus, respectively, can have devastating effects on human, livestock, and wildlife health and cause economic hardship due to morbidity and mortality in livestock. Coinfection with multiple pathogens can lead to more severe disease outcomes and altered transmission dynamics. These three pathogens can alter host immune responses likely leading to increased morbidity, mortality and pathogen transmission during coinfection. Developing countries, such as those commonly afflicted by outbreaks of brucellosis, Q fever and RVF, have high disease burden and thus common coinfections. A literature survey provided information on case reports and studies investigating coinfections involving the three focal diseases. Fifty five studies were collected demonstrating coinfections of Brucella spp., C. burnetii or RVFV with 50 different pathogens, of which 64% were zoonotic. While the literature search criteria involved 'coinfection', only 24/55 studies showed coinfections with direct pathogen detection methods (microbiology, PCR and antigen test), while the rest only reported detection of antibodies against multiple pathogens, which only indicate a history of co-exposure, not concurrent infection. These studies lack the ability to test whether coinfection leads to changes in morbidity, mortality or transmission dynamics. We describe considerations and methods for identifying ongoing coinfections to address this critical blind spot in disease risk management.
 
Date 2022-05
2022-01-17T14:52:33Z
2022-01-17T14:52:33Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Middlebrook, E.A., Romero, A.T., Bett, B., Nthiwa, D., Oyola, S.O., Fair, J.M. and Bartlow, A.W. 2022. Identification and distribution of pathogens coinfecting with Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetii and Rift Valley fever virus in humans, livestock and wildlife. Zoonoses and Public Health 69(3): 175–194.
1863-1959
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/117536
https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12905
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-NC-4.0
Open Access
 
Format 175-194
 
Publisher Wiley
 
Source Zoonoses and Public Health