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Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India

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Title Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India
 
Creator Kakraliya, Suresh Kumar
Jat, Hanuman Sahay
Singh, Ishwar
Gora, M.K.
Kakraliya, Manish
Bijarniya, Deepak
Sharma, Parbodh Chander
Jat, Mangi Lal
 
Subject climate-smart agriculture
rice
wheat
cropping systems
 
Description Intensive tillage operations, indiscriminate use of irrigation water, chemical fertilizers, and pesticides and crop biomass burning have made the conventional rice–wheat (RW) system highly energy-intensive and inefficient. In the recent past, portfolios of climate-smart agricultural practices (CSAP) have been promoted as a potential alternative to improve the energy efficiency in conventional RW system. Therefore, to evaluate the energy input–output relation, energy flow and economic efficiency in various combinations of crop management options, a 3-year (2014–2017) on-farm study was conducted at Karnal, India. Various portfolio of management practices; Sc1-Business as usual (BAU) or Conventional tillage (CT) without residue, Sc2-CT with residue, Sc3-Reduce tillage (RT) with residue + recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), Sc4-RT/Zero tillage (ZT) with residue + RDF, Sc5-ZT with residue + RDF + GreenSeeker + Tensiometer, Sc6-Sc5 + Nutrient expert were investigated. Present study results revealed that net energy, energy use efficiency and energy productivity were 11–18, 31–51 and 29–53% higher under CSAP (mean of Sc4, Sc5 and Sc6) in RW system than Sc1, respectively. However, renewable and non-renewable energy inputs were 14 and 33% higher in Sc1 compared to CSAP (4028 and 49,547 MJ ha−1), respectively, it showed that BAU practices mostly dependents on non-renewable energy sources whereas CSAP dependents on renewable energy sources. Similarly, the adoption of CSAP improved the biomass yield, net farm income and economic efficiency by 6–9, 18–23 and 42–58%, respectively compared to Sc1. Overall, the adoption of CSAP could be a viable alternative for improving energy use efficiency, farm profitability and eco-efficiency in the RW system.
 
Date 2022-05-24
2023-01-23T08:57:24Z
2023-01-23T08:57:24Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Kakraliya, S.K., Jat, H.S., Singh, I., Gora, M.K., Kakraliya, M., Bijarniya, D., Sharma, P.C. and Jat, M.L. 2022. Energy and economic efficiency of climate-smart agriculture practices in a rice–wheat cropping system of India. Scientific Reports 12(1):8731. https://hdl.handle.net/10883/22408
2045-2323
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/127854
https://hdl.handle.net/10883/22408
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-12686-4
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-4.0
Open Access
 
Format application/pdf
 
Publisher Springer
 
Source Scientific Reports