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Exchanging and managing in-vitro elite germplasm to combat cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Eastern and Southern Africa

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Title Exchanging and managing in-vitro elite germplasm to combat cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Eastern and Southern Africa
 
Creator Tumwegamire, Silver
Kanju, E.
Legg, James P.
Shirima, R.
Kombo, S.
Mkamilo, G.S.
Mtunda, K.
Sichalwe, K.
Kulembeka, H.P.
Ndyetabura, I.
Saleh, H.
Kawuki, R.S.
Alicai, Titus
Adiga, G.
Benesi, I.R.M.
Mhone, A.
Zacarias, A.
Matsimbe, S.F.
Munga, T.
Ateka, E.
Navangi, L.
Maruthi, M.N.
Mwatuni, F.
Ngundo, G.
Mwangangi, M.
Mbugua, E.
Ndunguru, J.
Rajabu, C.
Mark, D.
 
Subject cassava
exchange
in vitro
germplasm
plant diseases
cassava varieties
african cassava mosaic virus
cassava brown streak disease
 
Description Cassava varieties resistant to cassava mosaic disease (CMD) and cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) are needed for the food and income security of the rural poor in eastern and southern Africa (ESA). The International Institute of Tropical Agriculture led five national cassava breeding programs (Malawi, Mozambique, Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda) in virus-cleaning and exchanging elite cassava germplasm resistant to both diseases. This paper documents the experiences and lessons learned from the process. Thirty-one clones (25 elite, two standard and four national) were submitted by the five breeding programs to the Natural Resources Institute and Kenya Plant Health Inspectorate Services for virus cleaning and indexing. Subsequently, ca 75 in-vitro virus-indexed plantlets per clone were sent to Genetic Technologies International Limited (GTIL), a private tissue culture (TC) lab in Kenya, and micro-propagated to produce ≥1500 plantlets. After fulfilling all the formal procedures of germplasm exchange between countries ≥300 plantlets per clone were sent to each partner country. National check clones susceptible to CMD/CBSD were sent only to their countries of origin. In each country, the in-vitro plantlets were acclimatized under screen house conditions and transferred to clean isolated sites for field multiplication. All the clones were cleaned of the viruses, except Tomo. The cleaning process was slow for F19-NL, NASE1, and Kibandameno and TC micro-propagation at GTIL was less efficient for Pwani, Tajirika, NASE1, and Okhumelela than for the other clones. Difficulties in cleaning recalcitrant clones affected the timeline for establishing the multi-site evaluation trials in target countries. The initiative is the one of the kind to successfully clean and exchange elite germplasm as a joint action to combat CBSD in ESA. Adequate preparation in terms of infrastructure and personnel are critical to successfully receiving and adapting the indexed in-vitro plants as new germplasm.
 
Date 2018-04
2018-05-30T12:56:35Z
2018-05-30T12:56:35Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Tumwegamire, S., Kanju, E., Legg, J., Shirima, R., Kombo, S., Mkamilo, G., ... & Mark, D. (2018). Exchanging and managing in-vitro elite germplasm to combat cassava brown streak disease (CBSD) and cassava mosaic disease (CMD) in Eastern and Southern Africa. Food Security, 1-18.
1876-4517
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/92970
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-018-0779-2
BIOTECH & PLANT BREEDING
PLANT PRODUCTION & HEALTH
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-4.0
Open Access
 
Format 1-18
application/pdf
 
Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
 
Source Food Security