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Sustainable Intensification of a Rice–Maize System through Conservation Agriculture to Enhance System Productivity in Southern India.

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Title Sustainable Intensification of a Rice–Maize System through Conservation Agriculture to Enhance System Productivity in Southern India.
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Creator Tuti, M.D.; Rapolu, M.K.; Sreedevi, B.; Bandumula, N.; Kuchi, S.; Bandeppa, S.; Saha, S.; Parmar, B.; Rathod, S.; Ondrasek, G.; Sundaram, R.M
 
Subject conservation agriculture; rice–maize system; southern India; sustainable intensification
 
Description Not Available
Integrated management of rice–maize systems is an emerging challenge in southern India
due to improper rice residues and tillage management in maize crops. Conservation agriculture
(CA) practices such as a reduced tillage and maintaining stubble mulch may hold the potential
to increase yields, reduce crop establishment costs and increase farm incomes. A five-year trial
was performed to study the effect of different CA and establishment methods in rice on system
productivity, profitability, and soil carbon status in a rice–maize system. In the rainy season, the trial
consisted of two main treatments: (i) normal manual transplanting and (ii) direct-wet seeding, and
three sub-main treatments at different sowing dates with fifteen day intervals. In addition, in the
winter season, two tillage treatments (conventional and minimum tillage) were imposed over the
rainy season treatments. Both rice and maize were grown under irrigated conditions. The results
showed that sowing times at 15 day intervals did not impact the yield significantly. Transplanted
rice obtained a significantly higher grain yield during the first four years, but in the last year, the
yield was similar in both of the establishment methods. In the winter season, conventional tilled
maize recorded a higher cob yield than under the minimum tilled treatment, except for the last year,
where both the tillage treatment effects were the same. System productivity of CA-based minimum
tilled rice–maize was inferior during the first three years but was superior to the conventionally tilled
method in the fourth and fifth year. Pooled analysis revealed that the conventionally tilled rice–maize
system resulted in a similar system productivity as that of the CA during the study period. The
cost–benefit analysis revealed that transplanted rice and conventionally tilled maize fetched higher
net returns of INR 111,074 and INR 101,658/ha, respectively, over the direct-wet seeded rice and
CA. In addition, the 15 July rice sown followed by the maize system led to an increase in irrigation
water productivity by 15.7%, and the total water (irrigation + rainfall) productivity by 27.1% in the
maize crop compared with the 30 July sown system. The CA-based rice–maize system resulted in a
significantly higher very labile (0.194%) and labile (0.196%) carbon concentration at a 0–5 cm depth of
soil compared to those under the conventional system. Thus, CA can be recommended for southern
India and similar agro-ecological tropic and sub-tropic conditions. This system can be followed with
appropriate location-specific modification in South-Asian countries, where crop yields and soil health
are declining as a result of continuous cereal–cereal crop rotation.
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Date 2023-02-16T07:49:08Z
2023-02-16T07:49:08Z
2022-05-01
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Tuti, M.D.; Rapolu, M.K.; Sreedevi, B.; Bandumula, N.; Kuchi, S.; Bandeppa, S.; Saha, S.; Parmar, B.; Rathod, S.; Ondrasek, G.; Sundaram, R.M. Sustainable Intensification of a Rice–Maize System through Conservation Agriculture to Enhance System Productivity in Southern India. Plants 2022, 11, 1229.
Not Available
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/76243
 
Language English
 
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Publisher Not Available