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Ammonia induced toxico‐physiological responses in fish and management interventions

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Title Ammonia induced toxico‐physiological responses in fish and management interventions
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Creator Not Available
 
Subject ammonia removal, ammonia toxicity, aquaculture, RAS, stress mitigation, TAN
 
Description Not Available
ntensification of aquaculture practices resulted in increased ammonia production inthe culture systems. Lack of proper management of the culture system will result inelevated ammonia, which adversely affects the culture species. Moreover, with theongoing global warming, fish metabolism and ammonia excretion are expected toincrease. This, coupled with the hypoxic condition, exacerbates the severity ofammonia toxicity. Ammonia toxicity can alter the growth and the biochemical, physi-ological and immunological responses of fish. Several factors such as pH, tempera-ture, salinity, dissolved oxygen, species and life stages of fish, physical activity,feeding and stress influence the toxicity of ammonia in fish. A proper understandingof these factors is a prerequisite for successful aquaculture. The physiologicalchanges caused by the elevated ammonia hinder homeostasis that eventuallyincreases their susceptibility to diseases. This review discusses ammonia toxicity infish, factors affecting the toxicity and various physiological, haematological, histologi-cal and immunological responses induced by the elevated ammonia. Furthermore, thereview summarizes various management and dietary interventions to mitigateammonia and ammonia induced stress in aquaculture.
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Date 2023-05-16T03:01:12Z
2023-05-16T03:01:12Z
2022-08-04
 
Type Journal
 
Identifier Not Available
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http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/77313
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.