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The number of tree species on Earth

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Field Value
 
Title The number of tree species on Earth
 
Creator Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto
Reich, Peter B.
Gamarra, Javier G.P.
Crowther, Tom
Hui, Cang
Morera, Albert
Bastin, Jean-Francois
de-Miguel, Sergio
Nabuurs, Gert-Jan
Svenning, Jens-Christian
Serra-Diaz, Josep M.
Merow, Cory
Enquist, Brian
Kamenetsky, Maria
Lee, Junho
Zhu, Jun
Fang, Jinyun
Jacobs, Douglass F
Pijanowski, Bryan
Banerjee, Arindam
Giaquinto, Robert A.
Alberti, Giorgio
Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica Maria
Alvarez-Davila, Esteban
Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro
Avitabile, Valerio
Aymard, Gerardo A.
Balazy, Radomir
Baraloto, Chris
Barroso, Jorcely G.
Bastian, Meredith L.
Birnbaum, Philippe
Bitariho, Robert
Bogaert, Jan
Bongers, Frans
Bouriaud, Olivier
Brancalion, Pedro H.S.
Brearley, Francis Q.
Broadbent, Eben North
Bussotti, Filippo
Castro da Silva, Wendeson
César, Ricardo Gomes
Češljar, Goran
Chama Moscoso, Víctor
Chen, Han Y.H.
Cienciala, Emil
Clark, Connie J.
Coomes, David A.
Dayanandan, Selvadurai
Decuyper, Mathieu
Dee, Laura E.
Del Aguila Pasquel, Jhon
Derroire, Géraldine
Djuikouo, Marie Noel Kamdem
Van Do, Tran
Dolezal, Jiri
Đorđević, Ilija Đ.
Engel, Julien
Fayle, Tom M.
Feldpausch, Ted R.
Fridman, Jonas K.
Harris, David J.
Hemp, Andreas
Hengeveld, Geerten
Herault, Bruno
Herold, Martin
Ibanez, Thomas
Jagodzinski, Andrzej M.
Jaroszewicz, Bogdan
Jeffery, Kathryn J.
Johannsen, Vivian Kvist
Jucker, Tommaso
Kangur, Ahto
Karminov, Victor N.
Kartawinata, Kuswata
Kennard, Deborah K.
Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian
Keppel, Gunnar
Khan, Mohammed Latif
Khare, Pramod Kumar
Kileen, Timothy J.
Kim, Hyun Seok
Korjus, Henn
Kumar, Amit
Kumar, Ashwani
Laarmann, Diana
Labrière, Nicolas
Lang, Mait
Lewis, Simon L.
Lukina, Natalia
Maitner, Brian S.
Malhi, Yadvinder
Marshall, Andrew R.
Martynenko, Olga V.
Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel L.
Ontikov, Petr V.
Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar
Pallqui Camacho, Nadir C.
Paquette, Alain
Park, Minjee
Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy
Peri, Pablo Luis
Petronelli, Pascal
Pfautsch, Sebastian
Phillips, Oliver L.
Picard, Nicolas
Piotto, Daniel
Poorter, Lourens
Poulsen, John R.
Pretzsch, Hans
Ramírez-Angulo, Hirma
Restrepo Correa, Zorayda
Rodeghiero, Mirco
Rojas Gonzáles, Rocío Del Pilar
Rolim, Samir G.
Rovero, Francesco
Rutishauser, Ervan
Saikia, Purabi
Salas-Eljatib, Christian
Schepaschenko, Dmitry
Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael
Šebeň, Vladimír
Silveira, Marcos
Slik, Ferry
Sonké, Bonaventure
Souza, Alexandre F.
Stereńczak, Krzysztof Jan
Svoboda, Miroslav
Taedoumg, Hermann
Tchebakova, Nadja
Terborgh, John
Tikhonova, Elena
Torres-Lezama, Armando
van der Plas, Fons
Vásquez, Rodolfo
Viana, Helder
Vibrans, Alexander C.
Vilanova, Emilio
Vos, Vincent A.
Wang, Hua-Feng
Westerlund, Bertil
White, Lee J.T.
Wiser, Susan K.
Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz
Zemagho, Lise
Zhu, Zhi-Xin
Zo-Bi, Irié C.
Liang, Jingjing
 
Subject biodiversity
forests
hyperdominance
rarity
richness
 
Description One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness.
 
Date 2022-02-08
2023-05-24T06:09:17Z
2023-05-24T06:09:17Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Cazzolla Gatti R, Reich, PB, Gamarra, JGP, Crowther T, Hui C, Morera A, Bastin JF, de-Miguel S, Nabuurs GJ, Svenning JC, Serra-Diaz JM, Merow C, Enquist B, Kamenetsky M, Lee J, Zhu J, Fang J, Jacobs DF, Pijanowski B, Banerjee A, Giaquinto RA, Alberti G, Almeyda Zambrano AM, Alvarez-Davila E, Araujo-Murakami A, Avitabile V, Aymard GA, Balazy R, Baraloto C, Barroso JG, Bastian ML, Birnbaum P, Bitariho R, Bogaert J, Bongers F, Bouriaud O, Brancalion PHS, Brearley FQ, Broadbent EN, Bussotti F, Castro da Silva W, César RG, Češljar G, Chama Moscoso V, Chen HYH, Cienciala E, Clark CJ, Coomes DA, Dayanandan S, Decuyper M, Dee LE, Del Aguila Pasquel J, Derroire G, Djuikouo MNK, Van Do T, Dolezal J, Đorđević IĐ, Engel J, Fayle TM, Feldpausch TR, Fridman JK, Harris DJ, Hemp A, Hengeveld G, Herault B, Herold M, Ibanez T, Jagodzinski AM, Jaroszewicz B, Jeffery KJ, Johannsen VK, Jucker T, Kangur A, Karminov VN, Kartawinata K, Kennard DK, Kepfer-Rojas S, Keppel G, Khan ML, Khare PK, Kileen TJ, Kim HS, Korjus H, Kumar A, Kumar A, Laarmann D, Labrière N, Lang M, Lewis SL, Lukina N, Maitner BS, Malhi Y, Marshall AR, Martynenko OV, Monteagudo Mendoza AL, Ontikov PV, Ortiz-Malavasi E, Pallqui Camacho NC, Paquette A, Park M, Parthasarathy N, Peri PL, Petronelli P, Pfautsch S, Phillips OL, Picard N, Piotto D, Poorter L, Poulsen JR, Pretzsch H, Ramírez-Angulo H, Restrepo Correa Z, Rodeghiero M, Rojas Gonzáles RDP, Rolim SG, Rovero F, Rutishauser E, Saikia P, Salas-Eljatib C, Schepaschenko D, Scherer-Lorenzen M, Šebeň V, Silveira M, Slik F, Sonké B, Souza AF, Stereńczak KJ, Svoboda M, Taedoumg H, Tchebakova N, Terborgh J, Tikhonova E, Torres-Lezama A, van der Plas F, Vásquez R, Viana H, Vibrans AC, Vilanova E, Vos VA, Wang HF, Westerlund B, White LJT, Wiser SK, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki T, Zemagho L, Zhu ZX, Zo-Bi IC, Liang J. (2022) The number of tree species on Earth. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (USA) 119(6): e2115329119. 11 p. ISSN: 0027-8424
0027-8424
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/130476
https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-4.0
Open Access
 
Format 11 p.
application/pdf
 
Publisher Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences