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Genetic engineering in aquaculture

Indian Agricultural Research Journals

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Title Genetic engineering in aquaculture
 
Creator Lakra, W s
Das, P
 
Subject Aquaculture. Chromosome, Cryopresevation, Engineering gene manipulation, Sex control
 
Description Genetic engineering through chromosome and gene manipulations hold promise for improving aquaculture production. The paper reviews the progress made in these genetic manipulations including gynogenesis, androgencsis. induced polyploidy (triploidy and tetraploidy) and transgenics in relation to their application in both finfish and shellfish aquaculture. Gynogenesis involves stimulation of parthenogenetic development of eggs by genetically inactivated spermatozoa. Inactivation of sperms is achieved by irradiation resulting in total destruction of their genome. Production of diploid parthenogenetic individuals from the haploid eggs thereafter requires retention of second polar body of eggs or preventing the cellular division after the first mitosis generally induced by temperature, pressure or chemical treatment of eggs at appropriate time. The artificial induction of gynogenesis is a very promising method for quickly establishing inbred lines which will improve fish culture by promoting the production of heterosis. Androgenesis similarly involves production of progeny in which genetic material is exclusively derived from male parent. It can be useful in generating homozygous lines of fish and in the recovery of lost genotypes from cryopreserved sperms. Polyploids are produced by treating the zygote with either hydrostatic pressure, temperature shock or chemical treatment shortly after the fertilization to restore the second polar body (triploid induction) or shortly before the first mitotic division to cause endomitosis (tetraploid induction). Triploids are sterile and probably grow faster. Transgenic induction techniques normally involve injection of cloned copies of the appropriate gene into the cytoplasm of the fertilized eggs by microinjection. The production of transgenie fish by gene transfer technology is an important breakthrough in the techniques of genetic manipulations in fishes which will have a great impact in enhancing production of fish. Genetics related biotechnological techniques like sex control and cryopreservation of fish gametes and embryos are also discussed in the light of their application in aquaculture.
 
Publisher Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture
 
Contributor —
 
Date 2012-07-05
 
Type info:eu-repo/semantics/article
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
—
 
Format application/pdf
 
Identifier http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJAnS/article/view/21193
 
Source The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences; Vol 68, No 8 (1998)
0367-8318
 
Language eng
 
Relation http://epubs.icar.org.in/ejournal/index.php/IJAnS/article/view/21193/10689
 
Rights Copyright (c) 2014 The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences