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Safe and just Earth system boundaries

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Title Safe and just Earth system boundaries
 
Creator Rockström, Johan
Sakschewski, Boris
Gupta, Joyeeta
Scholtens, Joeri
Stewart-Koster, Ben
Tharammal, Thejna
Vuuren, Detlef P. van
Verburg, Peter H.
Winkelmann, Ricarda
Zimm, Caroline
Bennett, Elena M.
Bringezu, Stefan
Broadgate, Wendy
Green, Pamela A.
Huang, Lei
Jacobson, Lisa
Ndehedehe, Christopher
Pedde, Simona
Rocha, Juan
Scheffer, Marten
Schulte-Uebbing, Lena
Vries, Wim de
Xiao, Cunde
Xu, Chi
Xu, Xinwu
Zafra-Calvo, Noelia
Prodani, Klaudia
Qin, Dahe
Lade, Steven J.
Abrams, Jesse F.
Andersen, Lauren S.
Armstrong McKay, David I.
Bai, Xuemei
Bala, Govindasamy
Bunn, Stuart E.
Ciobanu, Daniel
DeClerck, Fabrice A.
Ebi, Kristie
Gifford, Lauren
Gordon, Christopher
Hasan, Syezlin
Kanie, Norichika
Lenton, Timothy M.
Loriani, Sina
Liverman, Diana M.
Mohamed, Awaz
Nakicenovic, Nebojsa
Obura, David
Ospina, Daniel
Rammelt, Crelis
Zhang, Xin
 
Subject earth
humans
global observing systems
 
Description The stability and resilience of the Earth system and human well-being are inseparably linked1-3, yet their interdependencies are generally under-recognized; consequently, they are often treated independently4,5. Here, we use modelling and literature assessment to quantify safe and just Earth system boundaries (ESBs) for climate, the biosphere, water and nutrient cycles, and aerosols at global and subglobal scales. We propose ESBs for maintaining the resilience and stability of the Earth system (safe ESBs) and minimizing exposure to significant harm to humans from Earth system change (a necessary but not sufficient condition for justice)4. The stricter of the safe or just boundaries sets the integrated safe and just ESB. Our findings show that justice considerations constrain the integrated ESBs more than safety considerations for climate and atmospheric aerosol loading. Seven of eight globally quantified safe and just ESBs and at least two regional safe and just ESBs in over half of global land area are already exceeded. We propose that our assessment provides a quantitative foundation for safeguarding the global commons for all people now and into the future.
 
Date 2023-07-06
2023-06-15T14:33:32Z
2023-06-15T14:33:32Z
 
Type Journal Article
 
Identifier Rockström, J.; Sakschewski, B.; Gupta, J.; Scholtens, J.; Stewart-Koster, B.; Tharammal, T.; Vuuren, D.P.v.; Verburg, P.H.; Winkelmann, R.; Zimm, C.; Bennett, E.M.; Bringezu, S.; Broadgate, W.; Green, P.A.; Huang, L.; Jacobson, L.; Ndehedehe, C.; Pedde, S.; Rocha, J.; Scheffer, M.; Schulte-Uebbing, L.; de Vries, W.; Xiao, C.; Xu, C.; Xu, X.; Zafra-Calvo, N.; Prodani, K.; Qin, D.; Lade, S.J.; Abrams, J.F.; Andersen, L.S.; Armstrong McKay, D.I.; Bai, X.; Bala, G.; Bunn, S.E.; Ciobanu, D.; Declerck, F.; Ebi, K.; Gifford, L.; Gordon, C.; Hasan, S.; Kanie, N.; Lenton, T.M.; Loriani, S.; Liverman, D.M.; Mohamed, A.; Nakicenovic, N.; Obura, D.; Ospina, D.; Rammelt, C.; Zhang, X. (2023) Safe and just Earth system boundaries. Nature, Online first paper (31 May 2023). 19 p. ISSN: 0028-0836
0028-0836
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/130739
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06083-8
 
Language en
 
Rights CC-BY-4.0
Open Access
 
Format p. 102-111
application/pdf
 
Publisher Springer Science and Business Media LLC
 
Source Nature