Herder-related violence, agricultural work, and the informal sector as a safety net (English)
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Title |
Herder-related violence, agricultural work, and the informal sector as a safety net (English)
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Creator |
Bloem, Jeffrey R.
Damon, Amy Francis, David C. Mitchell, Harrison |
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Subject |
agriculture
conflicts economics gender informal sector land use |
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Description |
This paper is a product of the Global Indicators Group, Development Economics. It is part of a larger effort by the World Bank to provide open access to its research and make a contribution to development policy discussions around the world. Policy Research Working Papers are also posted on the Web at http://www.worldbank.org/prwp. The authors may be contacted at dfrancis@worldbank.org. Violent conflict between nomadic herders and settled—mostly agricultural—communities in Nigeria occurs as both groups clash over the use of land and resources, in part, due to a changing climate. This paper uses panel data from 2010 through 2019 to study the labor responses of individuals to exposure to herder-related violence during the post-planting and post-harvest seasons. Specifically, it considers a “shadow of violence” channel, where recent exposure to a violent event alters labor-related responses to a subsequent event. Results find that in the post-planting season, exposure to a herder-related violent event leads to an increase in informal work for both men and women, a decrease in agricultural work for men, and an increase in total hours worked for women among households that have previously been exposed to herder-related violence in the preceding six months. The paper also considers two other specific forms for a “shadow of violence” channel—namely, raised tensions over open-grazing bans enacted in 2016 and 2017 within three states and a drastic peak in violence in the first half of 2018— and find similar results. Lastly, findings show how household exposure to violence can have so-called knock-on effects. Households exposed to herder-related violence in the previous post-planting season shift consumption and crop selling patterns in the post-harvest season. These findings highlight the gender-specific labor response to violence and document the role of the informal sector as a partial safety net for individuals in the presence of adverse shocks. |
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Date |
2023
2023-11-21T16:50:04Z 2023-11-21T16:50:04Z |
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Type |
Working Paper
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Identifier |
Bloem, Jeffrey R.; Damon, Amy; Francis, David C.; and Mitchell, Harrison. 2023. Herder-related violence, agricultural work, and the informal sector as a safety net (English). Policy Research Working Paper 10607. Washington, DC: World Bank. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099417511152376048/idu0087febc70d8df04ff50a05a0a34a221591c0
https://hdl.handle.net/10568/134584 https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/099417511152376048/idu0087febc70d8df04ff50a05a0a34a221591c0 |
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Language |
en
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Relation |
Policy Research Working Paper
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Rights |
Copyrighted; all rights reserved
Open Access |
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Publisher |
World Bank
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