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Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown And Unlock On Health of Tropical Large River With Associated Human Health Risk

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Title Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown And Unlock On Health of Tropical Large River With Associated Human Health Risk
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Creator Baisakhi Chakraborty
Biswajit Bera
Partha Pratim Adhikary
Sumana Bhattacharjee, Sambhunath Roy, Soumik Saha, Debashish Sengupta, Pravat K Shit
 
Subject Heavy Metal Pollution Index (HPI); Human health hazard; Pearson’s correlation coefficient; Hierarchical cluster analysis: Pollution index
 
Description Research article
River Damodar (India) is one of the most significant tropical large rivers and this river is carrying predominantly industrial effluents, urban sewage, and non-degradable chemical agricultural fertilizers. Several industries, cities, and townships directly depend on this important river throughout the year. It is highly essential to evaluate its surface water quality, characteristics, and improvement status during the COVID-19 lockdown and unlock phases. The major objectives of the present study are to analyse changing nature of heavy metals (Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cr, and Fe) and microbial load (TVC, TC, and FC) of river water and to identify heavy metals impact on water quality and human health in pre, during, and after unlocking of COVID-19 lockdown. Here, a total of 33 water samples have been collected in the pre-lockdown, lockdown, and unlock phases. The results showed that decreasing trend of the microbial load was found in the lockdown phase. Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) illustrated that all samples are highly polluted (HPI > 150) during the pre-lockdown phase, while during the lockdown phase; HPI showed that around 54.54% of samples have been positively changed (low pollution level). During the unlock phase, 45.45% of samples were again amplified to the high pollution level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and hierarchical cluster analysis indicated strong relation among heavy metals with faecal coliform at a 0.05% level of significance. Noncarcinogenic hazard index (HI) shows the higher possibility of health risk (HI > 1) particularly for children in all the phases and during the lockdown phase, 36.36% of samples showed no possible health risk for adults (HI 
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Date 2024-02-09T11:39:55Z
2024-02-09T11:39:55Z
2022-01-11
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Not Available
0944-1344; (Online) 1614-7499
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/81338
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher Springer Science + Business Media