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Efficacy of Jatropha, Annona and Parthenium biowash on Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Macrophomina phaseolina, pathogens of chickpea and sorghum

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/40/
http://www.academicjournals.org/AJB/PDF/pdf2010/22Nov/Gopalakrishnan%20et%20al.pdf
 
Title Efficacy of Jatropha, Annona and Parthenium biowash
on Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri
and Macrophomina phaseolina, pathogens of chickpea
and sorghum
 
Creator Gopalakrishnan, S
Kannan, G K
Alekhya, G
Humayun, P
Sree Vidya, M
Deepthi, K
 
Subject Chickpea
Sorghum
 
Description The demand for products and technologies based on plants to control plant pathogens has increased in
recent years due to concern about the use of hazardous pesticides. In the present investigation,
washings of vermicompost (called biowash) prepared from foliage of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas),
Annona (Annona squamosa) and Parthenium (Parthenium hysterophorus) were evaluated against
fungal pathogens viz. Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri (FOC; causes wilt in chickpea), Sclerotium
rolfsii (causes collar rot in chickpea) and Macrophomina phaseolina (causes charcoal rot in sorghum).
Crude biowash of the botanicals were partitioned against ethyl acetate and the resultant organic and
aqueous fractions were tested against the fungi. Similarly, crude biowash was also passed through C18
solid phase extraction cartridges and the resultant adsorbed and non-adsorbed fractions were tested
against the fungi. Organic fractions of all the three biowash at 0.5% inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii
between 78 and 87%, M. phaseolina between 62 and 65%, whereas only Parthenium was able to
effectively inhibit FOC (91%), compared to control. Adsorbed fractions of all the three biowash at 0.5%
inhibited the growth of S. rolfsii between 81 and 92%, M. phaseolina between 76 and 77% and FOC
between 26 and 49%, compared to control. Both aqueous and non-adsorbed fractions of all the three
biowash did not inhibit any of the fungi. Since Jatropha biowash showed consistently higher levels of
inhibition (>80%) in both fractionation methods on S. rolfsii, this was selected for further purification of
their secondary metabolites. When the organic fraction of Jatropha biowash was further fractionated by
C18 open column chromatography with eluent 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% MeOH fractions, only 80%
methanol (MeOH) fraction was found to inhibit S. rolfsii. The active 80% MeOH fraction showed three
clear bands when chromatographed on Silica Gel 60 F254 thin layer chromatography (TLC) plates with Rf
values 0.95, 0.90 and 0.70. Hence, it was concluded that one of these three bands could be the active
ingredients that inhibited S. rolfsii and can be further exploited as a bio-fungicide.
 
Publisher Academic Publishers
 
Date 2010
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
Rights —
 
Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/40/1/Herbal_biowash_paper.pdf
Gopalakrishnan, S and Kannan, G K and Alekhya, G and Humayun, P and Sree Vidya, M and Deepthi, K (2010) Efficacy of Jatropha, Annona and Parthenium biowash on Sclerotium rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri and Macrophomina phaseolina, pathogens of chickpea and sorghum. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (47). pp. 8048-8057. ISSN 1684-5315