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The Bioactive Compounds and Fatty Acid Profile of Bitter Apple Seed Oil Obtained in Hot, Arid Environments

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Title The Bioactive Compounds and Fatty Acid Profile of Bitter Apple Seed Oil Obtained in Hot, Arid Environments
Not Available
 
Creator Not Available
Mukesh Kumar Berwal
Chet Ram
Pawan SIngh Gurjar
Jagan SIngh Gora
Ramesh Kumar
Ajay Kumar Verma
Dhurendra Singh
 
Subject tumba; physico-chemicals; fatty acid profile; medicinal uses
 
Description Not Available
Bitter apple or tumba (Citrullus colocynthis L.) is a prostrate annual herb belonging to the
Cucurbitaceae family. It is highly tolerant against multiple abiotic stresses like drought, heat, and soil
salinity and can easily grow on very marginal soil, even on sand dunes in hot, arid regions. Tumba
fruit is a fleshy berry 5–10 cm in diameter and of a pale yellow color at ripening. The tumba fruit used
in this research was harvested from the ICAR-CIAH, Bikaner research farm. The seeds were separated,
and their oil was extracted to analyze its physical characteristics and composition (phytochemical
compounds, fatty acid profile, etc.). The seeds of the tumba fruit contained 23–25% golden-yellow colored oil with a specific gravity of 0.92 g/mL. The extracted oil contained appreciable amounts
of phytochemical (bioactive) compounds like phenolics (5.39 mg GAE/100 g), flavonoids (938 mg
catechin eq./100 g), carotenoids (79.5 mg/kg), oryzanol (0.066%), and lignans (0.012%), along with
70–122 mg AAE/100 g total antioxidant activity (depending on the determination method). The
results of fatty acid profiling carried out by GC-MS/MS demonstrated that tumba seed oil contained
about 70% unsaturated fatty acids with more than 51% polyunsaturated fatty acids. It mainly
contained linoleic acid (C18:2n6; 50.3%), followed by oleic acid (C18:1n9; 18.0%), stearic acid (C18:0;
15.2%), and palmitic acid (C16:0; 12.4%). Therefore, this oil can be considered as a very good source of
essential fatty acids like omega-6 fatty acid (linoleic acid), whereas it contains a lower concentration
of omega-3 fatty acids (α-linolenic acid) and hydroxy polyunsaturated fatty acids. In addition, it also
contains some odd chain fatty acids like pentadecanoic and heptadecanoic acid (C15:0 and C17:0,
respectively), which have recently been demonstrated to be bioactive compounds in reducing the risk
of cardiometabolic diseases. The results of this study suggest that tumba seed oil contains several
health-promoting bioactive compounds with nutraceutical properties; hence, it can be an excellent
dietary sourc
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Date 2024-03-16T10:22:33Z
2024-03-16T10:22:33Z
2022-03-17
 
Type Article
 
Identifier Berwal, M.K.; Ram, C.; Gurjar, P.S.; Gora, J.S.; Kumar, R.; Verma, A.K.; Singh, D.; Basile, B.; Rouphael, Y.; Kumar, P. The Bioactive Compounds and Fatty Acid Profile of Bitter Apple Seed Oil Obtained in Hot, Arid Environments. Horticulturae 2022, 8, 259. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8030259
2311-7524
http://krishi.icar.gov.in/jspui/handle/123456789/81646
 
Language English
 
Relation Not Available;
 
Publisher MDPI