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Antioxidant enzyme activities and markers of oxidative stress in the life cycle of different Earthworm species

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Title Antioxidant enzyme activities and markers of oxidative stress in the life cycle of different Earthworm species
 
Creator Kumar, Rahul
Yadav, Renu
Gupta, RK
Pal, Ajay
Yodha, Kiran
Kumar, Akshay
 
Subject Eisenia fetida
Eudrilus eugeniae
Oxidative stress marker
Pheretima posthuma
Reactive oxygen species (ROS)
 
Description 578-583
Earthworms play a crucial role in soil fertility through decomposition, nutrient mineralization and water infiltration, and
they are used as a standard organism in ecotoxicological testing. However, to use them for evaluations of environmental
pollution, knowledge on the age-related variations in antioxidant enzymes within this species as they undergo different
environmental conditions such as treatment to heavy metal insecticides, herbicides, salinity and polluted soil, vermifiltration
etc. that cause stress. Due to oxidative stress, the growth and reproductive potential of earthworms are affected because of
an imbalance between antioxidant enzymes and Reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study provides a fundamental
understanding of the antioxidant enzyme activity and oxidative stress in three earthworm species (Eisenia fetida, Eudrilus
eugeniae and Pheretima posthuma) at various stages of their lives. Before studying their usage as potential biomarkers, it is
necessary to explore the age-related variations in antioxidant enzymes within these species which serve as the quintessential
terrestrial invertebrates in evaluations of environmental pollution. The superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT),
ascorbic peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD), as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidative stress marker, were
measured in the total body of juvenile, sub-adult, and adult earthworms. SOD and CAT activities respectively declined and
increased with age in all earthworm species and maximum SOD activity (4.86 U/g FW) and CAT activity (12.33 U/g FW)
were found in respectively juvenile (EF- J) and adult (EF- A) stages of E. fetida. In P. posthuma, APX and POD activities
rose with age. APX activity was significantly maximum (6.18 U/g FW) in P. posthuma adult stage (PP-A) whereas
significant maximum POD activity (0.46±0.01ΔOD/min) in EF- J stage. H2O2, an oxidative stress marker, increased with
age in all earthworm species. P. posthuma adult (PP-A) had the maximum activity (4.06 μmole/g FW), and EF- J life stage
had the lowest activity (1.35 μmole/g FW). In response to increased oxidative stress (H2O2), the antioxidant enzymes (SOD,
CAT, APX, and POD) work together. Overall, Eisenia fetida performed better than E. eugeniae and P. posthuma. This study
fills the gaps in antioxidant enzyme activities at the different age stages of earthworms.
 
Date 2024-07-09T10:26:15Z
2024-07-09T10:26:15Z
2024-07
 
Type Article
 
Identifier 0975-1009 (Online); 0019-5189 (Print)
http://nopr.niscpr.res.in/handle/123456789/64223
https://doi.org/10.56042/ijeb.v62i07.12084
 
Language en
 
Publisher NIScPR-CSIR,India
 
Source IJEB Vol.62(07) [July 2024]