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Biotic stresses affecting legumes production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/3458/
 
Title Biotic stresses affecting legumes production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain
 
Creator Pande, S
Sharma, S B
Ramakrishna, A
 
Subject Chickpea
Pigeonpea
Groundnut
 
Description On the basis of current knowledge, an attempt has been made to
categorize the biotic constraints of the grain legumes groum in the riceand
wheat-based cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain (1GP) of
Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan. Diseases and insect pests rank
high overall, whereas weeds assume greater importance in the rainy
season legumes. Nematodes are reported to affect legumes but
information on the losses caused by them is scanty. The major
contributors to yield losses are foliar diseases and pod borers. Despite the
obvious signs of damage caused by various root diseases, their impact on
yield is moderate. The diseases of food legumes are also determined by
plant type (specifically the configuration of crop canopy), cropping
system, imbalances in soil nutrients, and crop rotation but their detailed
effects on the incidence and severity of diseases remains unclear.
Similarly, interaction between soilborne diseases and nematodes is
obvious, but research on their combined effect on yield losses has rarely
been documented. For each legume the important diseases, insect pests,
and weeds, with prospects for alleviating the constraints, are discussed.
Although availability of host plant resistance to the major biotic
constraints have so far proven to be of limited use, we suggest that genetic
resistance offers greater opportunities for strategic research investments.
Redesigning of crop canopies such that they support a less conducive
microclimate for infection and spread of fungal diseases needs greater
research focus. Also, development of short-duration cultivars to escape
drought and drought predisposed diseases such as fusarium wilt (late) in
chickpea and aflatoxin infection in groundnut, and the incorporation of
drought-resistance traits is worth pursuing. There is a need to understand
the consequences of the intensive rice-wheat cropping system on the
changing scenario of pests of legumes.
 
Publisher International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
 
Contributor Johansen, C
Duxbury, J M
Virmani, S M
Gowda, C L L
Pande, S
Joshi, P K
 
Date 2000
 
Type Book Section
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
Rights —
 
Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/3458/1/BioticStressesAffectingLegumes129-155.pdf
Pande, S and Sharma, S B and Ramakrishna, A (2000) Biotic stresses affecting legumes production in the Indo-Gangetic Plain. In: Legumes in rice and wheat cropping systems of the Indo-Gangetic Plain - constraints and opportunities. International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics, Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh, India, pp. 129-155. ISBN 92-9066-418-5