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Origin, Distribution, and Taxonomy of Arachis and Sources of Resistance to Groundnut Rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.)

OAR@ICRISAT

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/4458/
 
Title Origin, Distribution, and Taxonomy of Arachis and Sources of Resistance to Groundnut Rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.)
 
Creator Rao, V R
 
Subject Groundnut
 
Description The natural occurrence of the genus Arachis is limited to five countries, i.e., Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil,
Paraguay, and Uruguay. The headwaters of the Paraguay river in the region of Mato Grosso is considered
to be the center of origin of the genus. The taxonomy of the genus is not well delineated and the grouping of
species into seven sections is only tentative; there may be as many as 70 species in the genus Arachis. The
cultivated groundnut, Arachis hypogaea L., originated in an area of southern Bolivia and northwestern
Argentina on the eastern slopes of the Andes. This species is subdivided into subspecies and botanical
varieties that have been found to have a specific geographic distribution in South America. Groundnut rust,
caused by Puccinia arachidis Speg., is one of the major diseases of groundnut. It probably originated in
South America and evolved along with the host species.
Most of the 39 groundnut accessions identified as rust-resistant at ICRISAT belong to the ribbed Valencia
type and originated in Peru. So it is concluded that resistance to rust in the cultivated groundnut may have
also originated in Peru. Hence there is a need for pointed collection in Peru to enrich and broaden the
available gene pool. Wild Arachis species belonging to different sections have been found to be either
resistant or immune to rust. Efforts are under way to utilize such resistance for groundnut improvement.
Observations in the native habitat have indicated that wild Arachis might be infected by rust and other
diseases to a greater extent than expected. More research is required in South America to investigate possible
pathogenic variation and resistance to rust in wild Arachis species.
 
Date 1987
 
Type Conference or Workshop Item
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
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Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/4458/1/CP_403.pdf
Rao, V R (1987) Origin, Distribution, and Taxonomy of Arachis and Sources of Resistance to Groundnut Rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.). In: Groundnut Disease Proceedings of a Discussion Group Meeting, 24 - 28 September 1984, ICRISAT Patanceru, India.