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Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) oil as a protectant against field insect pests of cowpea in Sudano-Sahelian cropping systems

OAR@ICRISAT

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Relation http://oar.icrisat.org/4715/
http://ejournal.icrisat.org/Volume9/Agroecosystems/Physic_nut.pdf
 
Title Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) oil as a protectant against field insect pests of cowpea in Sudano-Sahelian cropping systems
 
Creator Katoune, H I
Lafia, D M
Salha, H
Doumma, A
Drame, A Y
Pasternak, D
Ratnadass, A
 
Subject Agriculture-Farming, Production, Technology, Economics
Entomology
Jatropha
 
Description Cowpea is a profitable food and fodder crop in the
Sudano-Sahelian region of Africa. Unfortunately, it is
extensively damaged in the field by a range of insect
pests. The use of locally available insecticidal plant
extracts is a promising alternative to chemical crop
protection, which is the most popular management
strategy but shows many drawbacks. In this respect, oil
extracted from seed of the physic nut shrub (Jatropha
curcas) showed promise. The insecticidal properties of J.
curcas oil were thus assessed against cowpea insect pests
at the ICRISAT research station, Sadoré, Niger. In 2002,
four concentrations of physic nut oil extract, formulated
as an emulsifiable concentrate (EC) (namely 2.5%, 5%,
7.5% and 10%), were evaluated as field sprays along with
an untreated control (water spraying) and a conventional
insecticide (Deltamethrin Decis® EC) treatment. In
2009, these latter two checks were evaluated alongside
four concentrations of a “blank” formulation consisting
of only the adjuvants of the 2002 EC formulation (namely
1.25%, 2.5%, 3.75% and 5%). In 2002, application of
Deltamethrin and physic nut oil at 7.5% gave the highest
seed yields, with more than 1000 kg ha-1. Both treatments,
alongside the one with 10% oil, sustained significantly
lower thrips (Megalurothrips sjostedti) infestation than
the water-sprayed control. All oil extract treatments and
the Deltamethrin treatment sustained significantly lower
infestation by Clavigralla tomentosicollis bugs than the
untreated control, with the lowest infestation occurring
with 7.5% oil. Furthermore, correlations between oil
concentration and thrips and bug infestation were
negative and significant, while correlation between oil
concentration and seed yield was not significant, due to a
phytotoxic effect of oil at high concentrations. The
follow-up studies in 2009 confirmed that effects of
Jatropha oil on cowpea insect infestation and seed yield
observed in 2002 could be ascribed to the physic nut oil
fraction alone.
 
Publisher International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
 
Date 2011
 
Type Article
PeerReviewed
 
Format application/pdf
 
Language en
 
Rights —
 
Identifier http://oar.icrisat.org/4715/1/Physic_nut_Jatropha_curcas_oil_as_a_protectant_against.pdf.pdf
Katoune, H I and Lafia, D M and Salha, H and Doumma, A and Drame, A Y and Pasternak, D and Ratnadass, A (2011) Physic nut (Jatropha curcas) oil as a protectant against field insect pests of cowpea in Sudano-Sahelian cropping systems. Journal of SAT Agricultural Research, 9. pp. 1-6. ISSN 0973-3094