Cropping systems approach for improving resource use in arecanut (Areca catechu) plantation

Abstract

Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) is a highly profitable plantation crop but faces recurring problems due to several crop, climatic and soil constraints resulting in reduced productivity and profitability. In this review, we summarize the results of several experiments conducted in India on arecanut based cropping system indicating the advantages, disadvantages and implications of adopting cropping system on productivity, soil fertility, profitability and resource use. According to this critical review, initial period of 5-6 years is ideal for growing annual and biennial crops. In later years, mixed cropping with other shade tolerant crop species is advocated. Short statured crops like tuber crops, rhizome crops, vegetables, flower crops can be successfully grown in arecanut during pre-bearing stage. Perennial crops like cocoa, banana, black pepper, acid lime and cardamom were successful component crops for grown up arecanut plantations. Value added crops like vanilla, and medicinal and aromatic crops (MAPS) come up very well in arecanut. Intercropping of MAPS contribute to productivity increase of 11-53 % and realize net return per rupee investment up to 4.25. Efficient high density cropping models involving component crops like cocoa, banana, pepper, acid lime, cardamom etc. developed for different arecanut growing regions in India in terms of resources use are discussed. Recyclable biomass produced from arecanut based cropping system varies between 8.72 to 10.35 tonnes/ ha/year. The recycling potential of organic matter from some cropping system models is also discussed. The present review indicates that cropping system approach is indispensable for arecanut farmers to improve resource use and profits in the context of climate change and WTO.