Scorecard method for assessing the severity of peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats

Abstract

A methodology to assess the clinical severity of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) in sheep and goats in the field condition was developed using a scorecard by considering five specific cardinal clinical signs (pyrexia, oculo-nasal discharge, oral lesions, respiratory signs, and diarrhoea) of disease. The scores were assigned for the signs based on the severity of the disease that ranged from 1 (low) to 4 (high). The assigned weightage for signs, morbidity, and mortality was 0.75, 0.05 and 0.2, respectively summing up to unity. The scoring and weightages and guidelines were devised by Delphi technique based on the field investigation, field veterinarian’s assessment and specific inputs from PPR experts. The estimated Weighted Score Index (WSI) was considered to classify the severity into mild (WSI < 40) or moderate (WSI 41–60) or severe (WSI > 60) form. This scorecard will help preliminarily to the extent for the identification of the suspected flocks with a required case definition at the first instance, before making decisions on what merits further field investigation. This is first of its kind of methodology to assess the disease pattern in small ruminants and could be used as a disease severity assessment tool in different geographical areas in endemic settings.