Immunodetection of bacteria causing brucellosis

Abstract

Brucellosis, caused by Brucella species, is a neglected, under reported and under recognized infection of worldwide distribution. Owing to its greater economic and zoonotic importance, control of brucellosis is a priority target set forth by the WHO and development agencies. The genus Brucella is comprised of 12 species. The four main species infecting humans and livestock populations include B. melitensis, B. abortus, B. suis, and B. canis. Brucellosis is a cause of acute febrile illness and a potentially debilitating chronic infection in humans. Brucellosis is a granulomatous disease and can affect any organ. Thus, it requires long-term treatment to achieve clinical cure. In order to reduce the burden of human brucellosis, it is a must to control the infection of livestock. More research on novel control strategies, diagnostics and vaccines including cost-effectiveness studies is required particularly in the developing world. Here, we reviewed the general description of Brucella organisms, epidemiology of brucellosis and advances in immunodiagnostics.